Utrecht (U): Pieterskerk
(ca.1040-1048)
The
Pieterskerk ("St. Peter's church") or Walloon church
in many ways is the St. John's
twin. Not only are both churches equaly old (both were started
c. 1040 and consecrated in 1048), originally they must have looked
virtually the same too, both being cruciform basilican churches
in early-Romanesque style. Also, both churches were chapter churches
that were part of bishop Bernold's cross of churches, the St.
Pieter being its easter end. Of all Romanesque churches in Utrecht
the St. Pieter is the best preserved, both outside and inside,
even though it has had some changes. It is clear to see that
the church used to be longer to the western side. One trave to
be precisely, but the great hurricane of 1674 destroyed that
part of the church, which was flanked by two towers. A new facade
was added in 1677, designed by Gijbert Theunisz. van Vianen.
At the same time the facade of the northern transept arm was
renewed in brick. The loss of the towers was compensated by the
addition of a smaller bell-tower on the crossing. But already
in the middle ages many changes were made to the church. The
choir and transept had had some changes in Gothic style. From
the 13th century date their stone vaults, which replaced the
former wooden ones. Also, some windows in that area were changed
to a more Gothic look in the 14th century. A lateral chapel in
Gothic style replaced an earlier Romanesque one south of the
choir early in the 14th century. C. 1500 another Gothic chapel
was built to the northern side-aisle. It should be noted that,
the St. Pieter being a chapter church, the choir originally extended
well ito the nave, which was seperated from the rest of the church
by an organ loft. This situation ended in 1580 when Utrecht joined
the Reformation and the Pieterskerk became a protestant church.
It has been a Walloon church ever since. During several restorations
in the 20th century some small details of the former catholic
interior of the church were restored. Also,
four of the original red sandstone pillars
had to be replaced and were moved elsewhere in the church, where
they now have a decorative, non-supporting function. All wooden
vaults are from this period too. The nave has a barrel vault,
while the side-aisles have plain horizontal ceilings.
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